Front-end Engineering

Front-End Engineering (FEE), or Front-End Engineering Design (FEED), is an engineering design approach used to control project expenses and thoroughly plan a project before a fix bid quote is submitted. It may also be referred to as Pre-project planning (PPP), front-end loading (FEL), feasibility analysis, or early project planning

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Front End versus Back End

Front end innovation has been defined into two broad main efforts, the "idea generation effort" which starts the process and "since ideas must be executed in order to generate value, a "back-end" of innovation or "BEI" is required to test and refine the ideas and make them a reality" validation stage. This critical technology discovery and development stage includes locating early-stage technologies, external or internal and testing potential minimum viable product concepts. This step can be achieved via early customer feedback, individually, or from focus groups. Early product trials as well as process concept testing can be completed through test runs on current equipment or equipment owned by others. Based on feedback the effort may be terminated, cleared for insertion into the formal development process, or run through another non sequential innovation cycle. A minimum viable product has just those features that allow the product to be deployed, and no more. The product is typically deployed to a subset of possible customers, such as early adopters that are thought to be more forgiving, more likely to give feedback, and able to grasp a product vision from an early prototype or marketing information. It is a strategy targeted at avoiding building products that customers do not want, that seeks to maximize the information learned about the customer per dollar spent.

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Compact front end loaders

Abram Dietrich Thiessen of Eyebrow Saskatchewan in the 1940s built the first quick attach front end loader. International Harvester's took a picture of the loader and replicated it at the Regina Agribition in November of the same year. Front-end loaders (FELs) are popular additions to compact utility tractors and farm tractors. Compact utility tractors, also called CUTs, are small tractors, typically with 18 to 50 horsepower (37 kW) and used primarily for grounds maintenance and landscape chores. There are 2 primary designs of compact tractor FELs, the traditional dogleg designed style and the curved arm style. John Deere manufactures a semi-curved loader design that does not feature the one piece curved arm, but also is not of the traditional two piece design. New Holland introduced a compact loader with a one piece curved arm on its compact utility tractors, similar one piece curved arm loaders are now available on compact tractors on many brands including Case IH/Farmall, and some Montana and Kioti tractors. Kubota markets traditional loader designs on most of its compact tractors but now features a semi-curved loader design similar to the John Deere loader design on several of its small tractors. While the front-end loaders on CUT size tractors are capable of many tasks, given their relatively small size and low capacities when compared to commercial loaders, the compact loaders can be made more useful with some simple options. A toothbar is commonly added to the front edge of a loader bucket to aid with digging. Some loaders are equipped with a quick coupler, otherwise known as a quick attach (QA) system. The QA system allows the bucket to be removed easily and other tools to be added in its place. Common additions include a set of pallet forks for lifting pallets of goods or a bale spear for lifting hay bales. The tines of a bale spear are three feet long, and sufficiently sturdy to penetrate a county sheriff's side door. LHD (Load, Haul, Dump machine) is also a front end loader but meant to be used for mine compact conditions, can handle various range of loads with varying size of buckets, and can be driven with electric motors as well as diesel engines.

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Front-end bra

A front-end bra (also known by other terms such as car bra, bonnet bra, front-end cover, hood bra, auto bra, hood mask, car mask, etc.) is a type of vinyl (usually black) that attaches to the front of a car or other vehicle to protect the bumper, hood, and sides of the fender from scratches. The inside of the bra is lined with a feltlike material. Car bras are considered[by whom?] a 'fashion accessory' to vehicles as their utility is debated and some owners consider that they improve the look of their cars. Others[who?] use a car bra as a way to cover-up light front-end scrapes and damage to their vehicle. It is argued[by whom?] that the vinyl attached can cause damage by retaining moisture, catch air (reducing aerodynamics and causing the fabric to vibrate), as well as cause scratches in paintwork, paint chipping, and other minor damage from rocks, gravel, and other road debris.